Do I need a trust, or is a will enough?
That is a legal question for an attorney, since the answer turns on your state, your family, and what you want controlled after death. What we can tell you is that a trust does nothing until it is funded, and funding is an account-titling exercise.
Why do beneficiary designations matter more than my will?
Retirement accounts, annuities, and life insurance generally pass directly to the person named on the account, and that designation typically controls regardless of what the will says. Most were set at enrollment and never revisited. It is the easiest thing on this list to check, and the one most often out of date.
What happens to my IRA when my children inherit it?
Under current law, most non-spouse beneficiaries must generally empty an inherited retirement account within ten years, and withdrawals from a traditional account are taxable to them as ordinary income, often during their highest-earning years. A surviving spouse has additional options. The planning question is which heir receives which account type, and whether converting during your lifetime lowers the total family tax bill.
Will my family owe federal estate tax?
Under current law the federal exclusion is high enough that only a small share of households owe federal estate tax, and neither Kansas nor Missouri has a state estate or inheritance tax. For most families the bigger issues are income tax on inherited retirement accounts, cost basis, and whether there is cash to settle the estate without forcing a sale. These rules are set by statute and can change.
What is the most tax-efficient way to give to charity?
It depends on your age, your income, and whether you itemize. Giving appreciated securities held long term rather than cash can avoid recognizing the gain, and after age 70½ a qualified charitable distribution sends IRA dollars straight to a charity without appearing in your taxable income, subject to annual limits. Because charities are tax-exempt, naming one as beneficiary of a traditional retirement account can also be more efficient than leaving it to heirs in higher brackets. Your CPA should confirm the treatment in your situation.