Each one has real money riding on the timing and the sequence. Together they make up the plan.
AREA 01
Will the plan support the life you want?
Retirement income planning
The first question is whether the portfolio can fund your spending through a retirement that can last 30 years or longer. It comes down to spending, time horizon, and the risk of a poor market early on. One widely cited guideline puts an initial withdrawal rate near 4%, adjusted for inflation, as a starting point we pressure-test against your actual numbers.
AREA 02
Which accounts to spend, and when
Tax-aware drawdown
Drawing from taxable, tax-deferred, and Roth accounts in the right order can change how much of your money reaches your spending and how much goes to taxes. The sequence depends on your brackets now versus later, Social Security timing, and what you want to leave behind.
AREA 03
The window before RMDs
IRC § 401(a)(9) · Roth conversions
Required minimum distributions begin at 73 under current law, rising to 75 in 2033. The years between retirement and that first RMD are often the lowest-bracket years of your life. That's a window to consider Roth conversions and reduce the size of future taxable distributions.
AREA 04
A portfolio that serves the plan
Investment strategy
The portfolio follows the plan. Risk is set by your goals and timeline. That means watching concentration, placing assets in the account types where they are most tax-efficient, and keeping the allocation matched to what the plan actually needs.
AREA 05
What passes to the next generation
Estate & gift coordination
Wills, trusts, beneficiary designations, and gifting decisions determine what reaches your family and what reaches the IRS. The federal estate and gift tax exemption is large but set by Congress and subject to change, so estate planning is worth revisiting on a regular cadence. We coordinate with your attorney on the documents.
AREA 06
When life doesn't go to plan
Risk management
Even a well-built plan meets things it didn't expect: a health change, a market drop early in retirement, a need for long-term care. Life, disability, long-term care, and liability coverage are the pieces that can help keep one event from resetting everything else.